A bond portfolio manager has a $25 million market value bond portfolio with a six-year duration. The manager believes interest rates may increase 50 basis points. Which of the following could be used to help limit his risk? I. Sell the bonds forward. II. Buy bond futures contracts. III. Buy call options on the bonds. IV. Buy put options on the bonds.

Jaguar has full manufacturing costs of their s-type sedan of £22,803. they sell the s-type in the uk with a 20% margin for a price of £27,363. today these cars are available in the us for $55,000 which is the uk price multiplied by the current exchange rate of $2.01/£. jaguar has committed to keeping the us price at $55,000 for the next six months. if the uk pound appreciates against the usd to an exchange rate of $2.15/£, and jaguar has not hedged against currency changes, what is the amount the company will receive in pounds at the new exchange rate?