Valuing Preferred Stock. Smiling Elephant, Inc., has an issue of preferred stock outstanding that pays a $3.45 dividend every year, in perpetuity. If this issue currently sells for $77.32 per share, what is the required return?

explanation: doctrine of respondeat superior is a legal doctrine that is commonly used in tort. this principle makes an employer or principal legally responsible for the wrongful acts done by an employee or agent, if such acts occur within the scope of the employment or agency.

answer; the nav calculated at the market close at 4: 00 pm new york time;