When interspecific interactions lead to competitive exclusion, the weaker competitor is forced to retreat to a more restricted niche (its realized niche than it otherwise would inhabit in the absence of the competition (its fundamental niche. this is what happens between balanus and chthamalus?

Western electric has 32,000 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $79 and a rate of return of 13.00 percent. the firm has 7,300 shares of 7.80 percent preferred stock outstanding at a price of $95.00 per share. the preferred stock has a par value of $100. the outstanding debt has a total face value of $404,000 and currently sells for 111 percent of face. the yield to maturity on the debt is 8.08 percent. what is the firm's weighted average cost of capital if the tax rate is 39 percent?