Automatic stabilizers refers to: Select one: a. The tendency of an economy in recession to return to full employment as wages fall. b. Policies such as the recent CARES Act that Congress can pass to address economic crises. c. Policies that Congress passed long ago: Unemployment Insurance; Medicaid and SNAP; and progressive income taxation. d. The Fed’s ability to react quickly to economic crises by adjusting the policy rate. e. The tendency of an economy in recession to stabilize at that level.

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.