Research conducted by Harvard Business School found that the traditional 4 Ps model:
a. helps businesses promote themselves as important sources of information and problem solving.
b. is narrow and outdated.
c. is highly relevant in a modern business environment.
d. under-emphasizes product technology and quality.

B) is narrow and outdated.

Explanation:

The article's name is "Rethinking the 4 P’s" and it summarizes a 5 year study that involved more than 500 top level managers across the world. That study doesn't say that the 4 Ps are useless, it states that they are outdated. The study focused on the B2B market and it argues that the 4 Ps must be restated:

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.

answer: a. the kind of population living in your neighbourhood.

the census explorer data tool by the us census bureau allows the user to zoom in on any neighbourhood within the united states and find the kind of people residing in that by race and age.  

the tool needs to needs to be used twice – once in order to find what type of people reside in a neighbourhood, and then to see the age groups of the people in the same neighbourhood.