Martha was promised a 10% raise if she wins a contract with the city government. Martha could use the money to pay off some debts. However, she happens to know that another company already has informally won the contract. There is a very slim chance that she could win the contract away from the other organization, but she does not believe she can do it. According to expectancy theory, Martha is unmotivated to try to win the contract because she lacks.
a. valence.
b. instrumentality.
c. expectancy.
d. significance.
e. confidence.

Acompany that makes shopping carts for supermarkets and other stores recently purchased some new equipment that reduces the labor content of the jobs needed to produce the shopping carts. prior to buying the new equipment, the company used 6 workers, who produced an average of 79 carts per hour. workers receive $16 per hour, and machine coast was $49 per hour. with the new equipment, it was possible to transfer one of the workers to another department, and equipment cost increased by $11 per hour while output increased by four carts per hour. a) compute the multifactor productivity (mfp) (labor plus equipment) under the prior to buying the new equipment. the mfp (carts/$) = (round to 4 decimal places). b) compute the productivity changes between the prior to and after buying the new equipment. the productivity growth = % (round to 2 decimal places)

In a perfectly competitive market, the long-run market supply curve tends to be horizontal or nearly so. what is another way to state this fact? (a) market supply is much more elastic in the long run than the short run. (b) in the long run, average total cost is minimized. (c) in the long run, price equals marginal cost. (d) market supply is much less elastic in the long run than the short run.

Fabian got into an accident on his way to work. he had multiple fractures in his leg. his doctor advised strict bed rest for at least three months. fabian is a freelance wildlife photographer who usually works on a contract basis, and this is his primary source of income. before the accident, fabian was planning his finances. which goal of his financial plan would fabian in getting through without pay for the next three months? the goal that requires the creation of a/an would fabian get through the next three months without pay.