At which quantity does this firm produce the greatest marginal revenue? Quantity (Q) Total Revenue (TR) Marginal Revenue (MR) Total Cost (TC) Marginal Cost (MC) 1 1,200 ? 500 500 2 2,200 ? 775 275 3 3,400 ? 1,000 225 4 4,900 ? 1,250 250 5 5,500 ? 1,650 400 6 6,000 ? 2,500 850 7 6,500 ? 4,000 1,500 8 6,200 ? 6,400 2,400

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

You should typically prepare at least questions for the people who will host you during a job shadow. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 2

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?