Heidi comes from an upper-middle-class family, and after high school she went through a period of exploration. She spent some time traveling around Asia, worked at Disneyland for a few summers, and then waited tables in a ski town while learning to snowboard. Now she is attending college and has made a clear commitment to go into business. According to Marcia, Heidi's current identity status would be described as:
a. identity achievement. b. foreclosure. c. role confusion. d. moratorium.

a. identity achievement

Explanation:

According to Marcia's theory on identity status, "identity achievement" is the status that an adolescent chose and made a commitment to a sense of identity (which can be a role or a value, a job that they want) after he/ she has already gone through much experience, attempt and exploration, even crisis before.

In this case, Heidi despite being from the upper-middle-class, she has already spent time exploring the new environment, experienced jobs that is different from her social class and from these experiences, she understands herself and has clear objectives in the future.

Meanwhile:

+) foreclosure: they commit to a role but not having any experience, crisis, this is tend to comfort the other people's expectation

+) role confusion: have not had clear choice

+) moratorium: the status that still in crisis and exploration of role, value want to commit to

=> All these three are different from the case of Heidi.

there's 11 people for the 1st position. then, no matter who gets it, there's only 10 left for the second, and then 9 left for the third. 11 x 10 x 9 = 990.   the answer is there are 990 different ways the positions can be filled by these applicants