In dbms, data are kept separate from the applications' programming code. this means that . an application cannot be changed without making changes to the database an application programming code needs to be updated continuously to keep up with the database an application needs to be changed when database is changed database does not need to be changed if a change is made to an application database needs to be changed when a change is made to an application

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Which curve shows increasing opportunity cost as you give up more of one option? demand curve bow-shaped curve yield curve indifference curve

As you have noticed, the demand for flip phones has drastically reduced, and there are only a few consumer electronics companies selling them at extremely low prices. also, the current buyers of flip phones are mainly categorized under laggards. which of the following stages of the industry life cycle is the flip phone industry in currently? a. growth stage b. maturity stage c. decline stage d. commercialization stage