Collier Chemicals has redesigned many jobs to make the work more interesting and challenging for its employees. The company encourages its employees to further their education by reimbursing them up to $7,500 per year for tuition and related expenses. Collier also recognizes employee achievements at an annual company picnic each June and a company holiday party each December. Talented employees are given promotions and added responsibilities. These policies suggest that management at Collier Chemicals is using the findings of:

a. abraham maslow to satisfy lower-order needs of employees.
b. frederick herzberg to increase worker motivation.
c. frederick taylor to improve worker productivity through the principles of scientific management.
d. william ouchi to implement a theory z approach to management.