POP Company has issued 11%, $100 par cumulative preferred stock. Two years ago, POP paid a preferred dividend of $9. Last year, it paid a preferred dividend of $11 per share. This year, POP wishes to pay a common dividend. In order to make the distribution to common shareholders, each preferred share must be paid a dividend of:

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?