You want to establish a trust fund that will provide $50,000 a year forever for your heirs. If the fund can earn a guaranteed rate of return of 4.5 percent, how much must you deposit in a lump sum to establish this trust? This will be the only deposit you make to the fund

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i. e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?