"In order for a court to exercise authority over a particular dispute", "there must be an actual case or controversy", the case must be ripe for resolution, and the parties must have to bring the case.

In order for a court to exercise authority over a particular dispute", "there must be an actual case or controversy", the case must be ripe for resolution, and the parties must have Standing to bring the case.

Explanation:

The term Standing is also referred to as Locus Standi.

The term refer to the ability of a party to provide sufficient proof  to the court  about the harm caused to the party due to the legal action challenged in the court.

The Doctrine of Standing  or standing to sue, is a court-created “doctrine” helps to determine  whether or not the court will hear a particular federal lawsuit.

The doctrine of standing has three elements:

(1) The plaintiff who has suffered a concrete injury;

(2) that injury is fairly traceable to actions of the defendant

(3) it must be likely—that the injury caused will be redressed by a favorable decision

the answer is b. the events might happen and are based on crimes.

they work in some type of way