Josie recently took a job in the marketing department for Beachside Bagels and Bakery. After just a few days on the job, Josie learned that the company has many layers of management, and seems to have a rule to cover almost every situation. These conditions suggest that Beachside Bagels and Bakery is a(n):

a. oligopolistic organization
b. bureaucratic organization
c. decentralized organization
d. cross-functional organization

Burnley and co., a graphic design firm, has offices in new york, texas, california, new mexico, and new jersey. each of these offices is headed by a president who reports directly to emma burnley, the ceo. the heads of the centralized hr, finance, and marketing teams report to emma burnley as well. managers in the various offices also report to the ceo directly. based on this information, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? a) emma burnley has a wide span of control. b) burnley and co. has a tall hierarchical structure. c) emma burnley is underworked. d) burnley and co. is a mechanistic organization.