Nappon Co. has two products named X and Y. The firm had the following master budget for the year just completed:

Product X Product Y Total
Sales $260,000 $360,000 $620,000
Variable Costs 156,000 180,000 336,000
Contribution Margin $104,000 $180,000 $284,000
Fixed costs 130,000 108,000 238,000
Operating Income $(26,000 ) $72,000 $46,000
Selling Price per unit $130.00 $60.00

The following actual operating results were reported after the year was over:

Product X Product Y Total
Sales $300,000 $384,000 $684,000
Variable costs $200,000 $168,000 $368,000
Contribution margin $100,000 $216,000 $316,000
Fixed costs $100,000 $216,000 $316,000
Operating income ($40,000) $108,000 $68,000
Units sold 2,500 6,000

Required:
a. The sales quantity variance for Product X is:
b. The selling price variance for Product × is:
c. The contribution margin sales volume variance for Product X is:

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

Lavage rapide is a canadian company that owns and operates a large automatic car wash facility near montreal. the following table provides data concerning the company’s costs: fixed cost per month cost per car washed cleaning supplies $ 0.70 electricity $ 1,400 $ 0.07 maintenance $ 0.15 wages and salaries $ 4,900 $ 0.30 depreciation $ 8,300 rent $ 1,900 administrative expenses $ 1,400 $ 0.03 for example, electricity costs are $1,400 per month plus $0.07 per car washed. the company expects to wash 8,000 cars in august and to collect an average of $6.50 per car washed. the actual operating results for august appear below. lavage rapide income statement for the month ended august 31 actual cars washed 8,100 revenue $ 54,100 expenses: cleaning supplies 6,100 electricity 1,930 maintenance 1,440 wages and salaries 7,660 depreciation 8,300 rent 2,100 administrative expenses 1,540 total expense 29,070 net operating income $ 25,030 required: calculate the company's revenue and spending variances for august.

What are the period and vertical shift of the cosecant function below? period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up?