A shoplifter and a security guard are playing a simultaneous game. If the shoplifter steals and the security guard is vigilant, the shoplifter gets caught she suffers a loss of 20, and the security guard gets a bonus worth 15. If the shoplifter steals and the security guard is not vigilant, she does not get caught and gains 15 and the guard loses 5. If the shoplifter does not steal and the guard is vigilant, the guard loses 3 for the effort, while the shoplifter gains nothing and if the shoplifter does not steal and the guard is not vigilant, neither gain anything If the shoplifter knows that the security guard has a reputation of always being vigilant, what is his best response?

Which of the following actions would be most likely to reduce potential conflicts of interest between stockholders and managers? a. change the corporation's formal documents to make it easier for outside investors to acquire a controlling interest in the firm through a hostile takeover. b. eliminate a requirement that members of the board of directors must hold a high percentage of their personal wealth in the firm's stock. c. for a firm that compensates managers with stock options, reduce the time before options are vested, i. e., the time before options can be exercised and the shares that are received can be sold. d. pay managers large cash salaries and give them no stock options. e. beef up the restrictive covenants in the firm's debt agreements.