Which of the following management researchers formalized the theory that employees can be expected to perform better when they are motivated by a reward? a. Elton Mayo b. Frederick Taylor c. Gemba Kaizen d. Victor Vroom e. none of the above

Victor Vroom

Explanation:

Vroom believed that an individual’s motivation was a combination of these three forces V,I and E. For an individual to be motivated they needed to believe that firstly, they could achieve a particular outcome (expectancy), and secondly, that by achieving the outcome (instrumentality) it would result in a positive valency (and not too many negative valencies).

An example of this might be the student who thinks that getting a good job is important (positively valent) and that working hard to pass their exams will help them to get a good job (instrumentality) and that they also believe that with hard work they are capable of achieving good grades (expectancy).

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answer; /// the best answer to the above question is; the main economic goal that a society consider when deciding the best way to distribute its wealth is equity, this to ensure that all resources are equally distributed; ///(a) (economic equity)