In a defined-benefit plan, a formula is used that:. a. defines the benefits that the employee will receive at the time of retirement. b. requires that pension expense and the cash funding amount be the same. c. defines the contribution the employer is to make; no promise is made concerning the ultimate benefits to be paid out to the employees. d. requires that the benefit of gain or the risk of loss from the assets contributed to the pension plan be borne by the employee.

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Amap from a trade development commission or chamber of commerce can be more useful than google maps for identifying

Which theorem states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist? which theorem states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist? resource partitioning principle complex community network principle dominance species principle competitive exclusion principle?