Which of the following is not an example of a variable expense

How do communism and socialism differ in terms of the role that government plays in the economy ?

Lillypad toys is a manufacturer of educational toys for children. six months ago, the company's research and development division came up with an idea for a unique touchscreen device that can be used to introduce children to a number of foreign languages. three months ago, the company produced a working prototype, and last month the company successfully launched its new device on the commercial market. what should lillypad's managers prepare for next? a. increased competition from imitators b. a prolonged period of uncontested success c. a sharp decline in demand for the product d. a difficult struggle to move from invention to innovation

You are given the following information about aggregate demand at the existing price level for an economy: (1) consumption = $400 billion, (2) investment = $40 billion, (3) government purchases = $90 billion, and (4) net export = $25 billion. if the full-employment level of gdp for this economy is $600 billion, then what combination of actions would be most consistent with closing the gdp gap here?