According to the text, companies controlled by other companies (known as parent companies) through ownership of enough voting stock to elect a majority of the voting members on the company's board of directors are known as0:

The question is missing the options, which are:

a affiliates

b joint ventures

c subsidiaries

d strategic alliances

e two of the above

Such companies are known as subsidiaries,hence option C is correct

Explanation:

Joint ventures refers to a situation where businesses combine resources to execute a particular  project.As a result it is wrong.

Affiliates is when a company owns less than controlling majority voting right in another ,this is wrong as well.

Subsidiaries companies where the parent company owns majority shareholding in them,hence has control and right to elect a majority of the voting members on the company' s board of directors.No doubt this is correct answer.

the answer is b for dog