Sandra borrows $25,000 from Joshua at 5 percent interest and signs a promissory note agreeing to repay the principal and interest in equal monthly installments over 5 years. Because the note contains a reference to another document, it becomes a(n) .

Northington, inc. is preparing the company's statement of cash flows for the fiscal year just ended. using the following information, determine the amount of cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method: net income$182,000gain on the sale of equipment12,300proceeds from the sale of equipment92,300depreciation expense—equipment50,000payment of bonds at maturity100,000purchase of land200,000issuance of common stock300,000increase in merchandise inventory35,400decrease in accounts receivable28,800increase in accounts payable23,700payment of cash dividends32,000 $189,400.$332,200.$236,800.$261,400 .$186,800.

Richardson hired j. c. flood company, a plumbing contractor, to correct a stoppage in the sewer line of her house. the plumbing company's 'snake' device, used to clear the line leading to the main sewer, became caught in the underground line. to release it, the company excavated a portion of the sewer line in richardson's backyard. in the process, the company discovered numerous leaks in a rusty, defective water pipe that ran parallel with the sewer line. to meet public regulations, the water pipe, of a type no longer approved for such service, had to be replaced either then or later, when the yard would have to be excavated again. the plumbing company proceeded to repair the water pipe. though richardson inspected the company's work daily and did not express any objection to the extra work involved in replacing the water pipe, she refused to pay any part of the total bill after the company completed the entire operation. j. c. flood company then sued richardson for the costs of labor and material it had furnished. (c) for what, if anything, should richardson be liable? explain."

Jillian wants to plan her finances because she wants to create and maintain her tax and credit history. she also wants to chart out all of her financial transactions for the past federal fiscal year. what duration should jillian consider to calculate her finances? from (march or january )to (december or april)?