Retained earnings:

a. Generally consists of a company's cumulative net income less any net losses and dividends declared since its inception.
b. Can only be appropriated by setting aside a cash fund.
c. Represents the amount shareholders are guaranteed to receive upon company liquidation.
d. Are never adjusted for anything other than net income or dividends.
e. Represent an amount of cash available to pay shareholders.

As a costumer i would say c.hope it !

Some disadvantages to leasing a car is that you are counting on someone to give you money every week or month depending on what you decided and if they don't have all of it well what if you needed that money now you as well have to pay not in full. a disadvantages to purchasing a new vehicle is if it is used then not all the time will absolutely everything work. its almost like a trail and era. although if it is a new car they will try to though all these specials and deals at you in your lease and it can be very overwhelming if you are not use to it.   

Answer an increase in the demand for cigarettes;