Assume there is no leakage from the banking system and that all commercial banks are loaned up. suppose the reserve ratio is 25%. when the fed buys $40m of bonds from the public who then deposit the proceeds into the banking system,

a. bank reserves increase by $40 million and money supply could increase by a maximum of $40 million.
b. bank reserves increase by $40 million and the money supply could increase by a maximum of $160 million.
c. bank reserves decrease by $40 million and money supply could decrease by a maximum of $40 million.
d. bank reserves decrease by $40 million and money supply could decrease by a maximum of $160 million.

B. bank reserves increase by $40 million and the money supply could increase by a maximum of $160 million.

Explanation:

In this case there will multiplier effect in the economy. Central bank will pay $40 million by buying bond and it will be deposited in the bank. Bank would its reserves increase by $40 million and of that 25% will locked as reserve requirement but remaining will be circulated in the economy.

Multiplier = Deposit / Reserve Requirement

                = 40/0.25

               = 160

Therefore, The bank reserve will increase by $40 million and money supply will increase maximum by $ 160 million.

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