The civil service system was created to put an end to which of the following?

a. independent federal employees
b. assassination
c. bureaucracy
d. the spoils system

D. The spoils system

Explanation:

In the spoils systems, government jobs were awarded to friends, relatives, and supporters of the winning polity party. After elections, politicians from the winning party would reward their supporters and friends with government jobs as a gift for their loyalty. Government employees would change after every election.

The civil service system came to replace the spoils system. Under the civil service system, civil servants are hired through a competitive selection process. The state and employ the workers, not the ruling administration. In the civil service system, civil servants continue working regardless of which political party wins elections.

answer; the nav calculated at the market close at 4: 00 pm new york time;

answer: marginal utility of the fourth brownie is 0.

explanation: marginal utility is the addtional utility gained from the consumption of one more unit of a good. it is given by,

so, marginal utility at the 4th unit will be given by

since, the values are not given here, you can simply find marginal utility at fourth unit by subtracting total utility at 3rd unit from total utility at 4th unit.