What political, economic, and technological factors allowed spain and portugal to explore new trade routes?

EXPLAINED below.

Explanation:

Portugal and Spain did not possess any enigmas regarding politics and religions, which means that their concerns were not towards these issues, but towards the exploration of new trade routes. The capture of Constantinople in 1453 that was done by the Ottoman Empire led to cut off all the trading routes with Asia. Therefore, Europe was working on finding new routes that will be alternatives to the routes that were under Muslims' control which they were by the sea. This will help them to make huge profits by re-exporting the goods to Europe from Asia. Technologically, the caravel invention which is a new type of a ship that was able to be maneuvered easily made it easier for the ship to steer in a straight line and tack against the wind. Also, the invention of Mariner's astrolabe helped the ships to check out their positions at any time. This led to quicker and safer journeys across the open sea.

answer social mobility;

answer: marginal utility of the fourth brownie is 0.

explanation: marginal utility is the addtional utility gained from the consumption of one more unit of a good. it is given by,

so, marginal utility at the 4th unit will be given by

since, the values are not given here, you can simply find marginal utility at fourth unit by subtracting total utility at 3rd unit from total utility at 4th unit.