For a natural monopoly to exist

a. a firm's long run average cost curve must exhibit economies of scale throughout the relevant range of market demand.
b. a firm's long run average cost curve must exhibit diseconomies of scale beyond the economically efficient output level.
c. a firm must continually buy up its rivals.
d. a firm must have a governmentminus−imposed barrier.

The correct answer is A

Explanation:

Natural monopoly is the kind of monopoly which exists because of the high start up costs as well as the powerful economies of scale for conducting or performing a business in a particular industry.

And for this type of monopoly to exist , a firm or business need that the long run average cost curve will exhibit the economies of scale by the relevant range of the market demand.

in 2001, dell computer became the world’s largest personal computer vendor, continuing to

gain market share and post profits in an industry struggling with slumping sales and billions of

dollars in losses. dell sells 90% of its pcs directly to the final customer, largely bypassing the

reseller channel that accounts for most of the world’s pc sales. this direct customer relationship

is the key to dell’s business model, and provides distinct advantages over the indirect sales

model. dell’s direct relationship with the customer allows it to tailor its offerings to customer

needs, offer add-on products and services, and use the internet to offer a variety of customer

services. in addition, dell’s pcs are built to customers’ specifications upon receipt of an order,

giving dell additional advantages over indirect pc vendors who must try to forecast demand and

ship products based on those forecasts. dell’s direct sales and build-to-order model has achieved

superior performance in the pc industry in terms of inventory turnover, reduced overhead, cash

conversion, and return on investment (kraemer, et al., 2000).

explanation:

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