Which of the following statements is true?

a) if real interest rates are negative, lenders incur loses.
b) if nominal interest rates remain the same and the inflation rate falls, real interest rates increase.
c) cost-push inflation is caused by an increase in resource costs.
d) demand-pull inflation is caused by excess total spending.
e) all of these are true.

On january 1, 2018, gless textiles issued $12 million of 9%, 10-year convertible bonds at 101. the bonds pay interest on june 30 and december 31. each $1,000 bond is convertible into 40 shares of gless’s no par common stock. bonds that are similar in all respects, except that they are nonconvertible, currently are selling at 99 (that is, 99% of face amount). century services purchased 10% of the issue as an investment. on january 1, 2018, gless textiles issued $12 million of 9%, 10-year convertible bonds at 101. the bonds pay interest on june 30 and december 31. each $1,000 bond is convertible into 40 shares of gless’s no par common stock. bonds that are similar in all respects, except that they are nonconvertible, currently are selling at 99 (that is, 99% of face amount). century services purchased 10% of the issue as an investment. 3. on july 1, 2023, when gless’s common stock had a market price of $33 per share, century converted the bonds it held. prepare the journal entries by both gless and century for the conversion of the bonds (book value method).