Alandlord leases property upon which the tenant makes improvements. the improvements are significant and are not made in lieu of rent. at the end of the lease, the value of the improvements are not income to the landlord. this rule is an example of:
a clear reflection of income resultthe tax benefit rulethe arm’s length conceptthe wherewithal to pay concept

Explain whether each of the following events increases or decreases the money supply. a. the fed buys bonds in open-market operations. b. the fed reduces the reserve requirement. c. the fed increases the interest rate it pays on reserves. d. citibank repays a loan it had previously taken from the fed. e. after a rash of pickpocketing, people decide to hold less currency. f. fearful of bank runs, bankers decide to hold more excess reserves. g. the fomc increases its target for the federal funds rate.