Which of the following events would be likely to increaseincrease the supply of money?

a. banks perceive loans to be more risky and wish to hold more excess reserves. banks perceive loans to be more risky and wish to hold more excess reserves.
b. the fed increases reserve requirements for banks. the fed increases reserve requirements for banks.
c. the fed conducts an open market sale of bonds. the fed conducts an open market sale of bonds.
d. the fed decreases the discount rate relative to the federal funds rate.

David consumes two things: gasoline (g) and bread (b). david's utility function is u(g, b) = 10g^0.25 b^0.75. use the lagrange technique to solve for david's optimal choices of gasoline and bread as a function of the price of gasoline, p_g, the price of bread, p_b, and his income m. with recent decrease in the price of gasoline (maybe due to external shock such as shale gas production) does david increase his consumption of gasoline? for david, how does partial differential g/partial differential p_g depend on his income m? that is, how does david's change in gasoline consumption due to an increase in the price of gasoline depend on his income level? to answer these questions, find the cross-partial derivative, |partial differential^2 g/partial differential m partial differential p_g.