Sfx paintball games, inc., and truck & trailer delivery corporation sign an agreement that provides for the payment of "$1,000 by whichever party commits a material breach of the contract that creates damages difficult to estimate but approximately $1,000." this is:
a. a liquidated damages clause.
b. a mitigation of damages clause.
c. a nominal damages clause.
d. a penalty clause

Astudent was asked to draw a demand and supply graph to illustrate the effect on the market for premium bottled water of a fall in the price of electrolyteselectrolytes used in some brands of premium bottled​ water, holding everything else constant. she drew the graph to the right and explained it as​ follows: ​"electrolyteselectrolytes are an input to some brands of premium bottled​ water, so a fall in the price of electrolyteselectrolytes will cause the supply curve for premium bottled water to shift to the right​ (from upper s 1s1 to upper s 2 right parenthesis .s2). because this shift in the supply curve results in a lower price left parenthesis upper p 2 right parenthesis commap2, consumers will want to buy more premium bottled water and the demand curve will shift to the right​ (from upper d 1d1 to upper d 2 right parenthesis .d2). we know that more premium bottled water will be​ sold, but we​ can't be sure whether the price of premium bottled water will rise or fall. that depends on whether the supply curve or the demand curve has shifted farther to the right. i assume that the effect on supply is greater than the effect on​ demand, so i show the final equilibrium price left parenthesis upper p 3 right parenthesisp3 as being lower than the initial equilibrium price left parenthesis upper p 1 right parenthesis .p1.​" where is the flaw in the​ student's argument? supply will shift inward. demand will not shift. demand will shift inward.