Explain how each of the following events influences the u. s. consumption function. when the marginal propensity to consume increases, the u. s. consumption function
a. shifts upward
b. becomes flatter
c. does not change
d. shifts downward
e. becomes steeper

when u. s. autonomous consumption increases, the u. s. consumption function
a. shifts downward
b. becomes flatter
c. becomes steeper
d. does not change
e. shifts upward

The usa today reports that the average expenditure on valentine's day is $100.89. do male and female consumers differ in the amounts they spend? the average expenditure in a sample survey of 47 male consumers was $135.67, and the average expenditure in a sample survey of 38 female consumers was $68.64. based on past surveys, the standard deviation for male consumers is assumed to be $34, and the standard deviation for female consumers is assumed to be $17.