Under title vii of the civil rights act of 1964, which of the following occurs procedurally after an employee-plaintiff establishes a prima facie case in an action alleging disparate-treatment discrimination in employment in the form of an illegal discharge?
1. the plaintiff wins by default judgment or by summary judgment.
2. the burden of proof shifts to the employer-defendant to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory business reason for the discharge.
3. the burden of proof shifts to the employer-defendant to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the alleged discrimination did not occur.
4. the burden of proof remains with the employee-plaintiff to prove discrimination beyond reasonable doubt, the standard of proof in a disparate-treatment case.

Christopher kim, cfa, is a banker with batts brothers, an investment banking firm. kim follows the energy industry and has frequent contact with industry executives. kim is contacted by the ceo of a large oil and gas corporation who wants batts brothers to underwrite a secondary offering of the company's stock. the ceo offers kim the opportunity to fly on his private jet to his ranch in texas for an exotic game hunting expedition if kim's firm can complete the underwriting within 90 days. according to cfa institute standards of conduct, kim: a) may accept the offer as long as he discloses the offer to batts brothers. b) may not accept the offer because it is considered lavish entertainment. c) must obtain written consent from batts brothers before accepting the offer.