Orange inc. issued 20,000 nonqualified stock options valued at $40,000 (in total) on december 31, 2018. the options vest entirely on december 31, 2019. the options were all exercised in 2019 with a bargain element on each option of $3. what is the 2019 book–tax difference associated with the stock options?

Total marketing effort is a term used to describe the critical decision factors that affect demand: price, advertising, distribution, and product quality. define the variable x to represent total marketing effort. a typical model that is used to predict demand as a function of total marketing effort is based on the power function: d = axb suppose that a is a positive number. different model forms result from varying the constant b. sketch the graphs of this model for b = 0, b = 1, 0< b< 1, b< 0, and b> 1. (we encourage you to use excel to do this.) what does each model tell you about the relationship between demand and marketing effort? what assumptions are implied? are they reasonable? how would you go about selecting the appropriate model?