The tragedy of the commons results when a. too many public goods are provided. b. common pool resources are overused. c. people are excluded from public goods. d. common pool resources are underused. which of the following best illustrates the tragedy of the commons? a. sneaking into a concert without paying for a ticket. b. donating to the world wildlife fund. c. overfishing in public waters. d. buying a nintendo ds instead of funding the public library.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.