Pioneer systems inc. has a high degree of formalization. employees in pioneer systems are more likely to:
a. face morale and motivation problems.
b. feel empowered to implement new solutions.
c. exhibit high levels creativity and experimentation.
d. face ambiguity as a result of a lack of formal rules and procedures.

Historically, 12 percent of a mail-order firm's repeat charge-account customers have an incorrect current address in the firm's computer database. the number of customers out of 19 who have an incorrect address in the database is a binomial random variable with n = 19 and 2formula36.mml = 0.12.

Cosmetic profits. sally is the executive vice president of big name cosmetics company. through important and material, nonpublic information, she learns that the company is soon going to purchase a smaller chain of stores. it is expected that stock in big name cosmetics will rise dramatically at that point. sally immediately buys a number of shares of her company's stock. she also tells her friend alice about the expected purchase of stores. alice wanted to purchase stock in the company but lacked the funds with which to do so. although she did not have the funds in bank a, alice decided to draw a check on bank a and deposit the check in bank b and then proceed to write a check on bank b to cover the purchase of the stock. she hoped that she would have sufficient funds to deposit before the check was presented for payment. of which of the following offenses, if any, is alice guilty of by buying stock?

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)