The following labor standards have been established for a particular product: standard labor hours per unit of output 4.5 hours standard labor rate $ 20.30 per hour the following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: actual hours worked 7,100 hours actual total labor cost $ 144,840 actual output 1,500 units required: a. what is the labor rate variance for the month? b. what is the labor efficiency variance for the month? (indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "f" for favorable, "u" for unfavorable, and "none" for no effect (i. e., zero variance). input all amounts as positive values.)

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500