W. l. gore is the company that created gore-tex among many other innovative products. w. l.gore employees (known as associates) don’t have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. at w. l. gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. the gore company more than likely adheres to the theory of leadership.
a. contingency
b. normative
c. strategic
d. trait
e. visionary

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i. e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?