Susan leads a product innovation team. her team meetings usually involve heated arguments, and many of the team members are known to lose their composure while discussing a new product idea. however, the team members immediately reconcile with each other after the meetings. this scenario illustrates the concept of . structural accommodationb. conservative biasc. minority dominationd. cognitive conflict

“wonderful! not only did our salespeople do a good job in meeting the sales budget this year, but our production people did a good job in controlling costs as well,” said kim clark, president of martell company. “our $11,150 overall manufacturing cost variance is only 3% of the $1,536,000 standard cost of products made during the year. that’s well within the 3% parameter set by management for acceptable variances. it looks like everyone will be in line for a bonus this year.” the company produces and sells a single product. the standard cost card for the product follows: standard cost card—per unit direct materials, 4.00 feet at $4.00 per foot $ 16.00 direct labor, 1.1 direct labor-hours at $13 per direct labor-hour 14.30 variable overhead, 1.1 direct labor-hours at $2.40 per direct labor-hour 2.64 fixed overhead, 1.1 direct labor-hours at $6.50 per direct labor-hour 7.15 standard cost per unit $ 40.09the following additional information is available for the year just completed: a. the company manufactured 20,000 units of product during the year. b. a total of 77,000 feet of material was purchased during the year at a cost of $4.25 per foot. all of this material was used to manufacture the 20,000 units. there were no beginning or ending inventories for the year. c. the company worked 24,000 direct labor-hours during the year at a direct labor cost of $12.50 per hour. d. overhead is applied to products on the basis of standard direct labor-hours. data relating to manufacturing overhead costs follow: denominator activity level (direct labor-hours) 19,000 budgeted fixed overhead costs $ 123,500 actual variable overhead costs incurred $ 64,800 actual fixed overhead costs incurred $ 120,900required: 1. compute the materials price and quantity variances for the year. (round standard price and actual price to 2 decimal places. indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "f" for favorable, "u" for unfavorable, and "none" for no effect (i. e., zero 2. compute the labor rate and efficiency variances for the year. (round standard rate and actual rate to 2 decimal places. indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "f" for favorable, "u" for unfavorable, and "none" for no effect (i. e., zero 3. for manufacturing overhead compute: a. the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances for the year. (round standard rate and actual rate to 2 decimal places. indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "f" for favorable, "u" for unfavorable, and "none" for no effect (i. e., zero b. the fixed overhead budget and volume variances for the year. (indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "f" for favorable, "u" for unfavorable, and "none" for no effect (i. e., zero

University hero is considering expanding operations beyond its healthy sandwiches. jim axelrod, vice president of marketing, would like to add a line of smoothies with a similar health emphasis. each smoothie would include two free health supplements such as vitamins, antioxidants, and protein. jim believes smoothie sales should fill the slow mid-afternoon period. adding the line of smoothies would require purchasing additional freezer space, machinery, and equipment. jim provides the following projections of net sales, net income, and average total assets in support of his proposal. sandwichesonly sandwiches and smoothies net sales $ 750,000 $ 1,350,000 net income 120,000 210,000 average total assets 350,000 750,000 return on assetschoose numerator ÷ choose denominator = return on assets÷ = return on assets÷ = profit margin÷ = profit margin÷ = asset turnover÷ = asset turnover÷ = times

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i. e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?