Use the state-level data on murder rates and executions in murder. raw for the following exercise. (a) consider the unobserved effects model = + + + + where simply denotes different year intercepts and ai is the unobserved state effect. if past executions of convicted murderers have a deterrent effect, what should be the sign of ? what sign do you think should have? explain.

Which of the following actions would be most likely to reduce potential conflicts of interest between stockholders and bondholders? a) compensating managers with stock options, b) financing risky projects with additional debt, c) the threat of hostile takeovers, d) the use of covenants in bond agreements that limit the firm's use of additional debt and constrain managers actions, e) abolishing the security and exchange commission

You have $22,000 to invest in a stock portfolio. your choices are stock x with an expected return of 11 percent and stock y with an expected return of 13 percent. if your goal is to create a portfolio with an expected return of 11.74 percent, how much money will you invest in stock x? in stock y?

You want to have $80,000 in your savings account 11 years from now, and you’re prepared to make equal annual deposits into the account at the end of each year. if the account pays 6.30 percent interest, what amount must you deposit each year? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)