In arbitration, the arbitrator is not constrained to choose either the management or union's offer(s); rather she can make up whatever final contract terms she deems appropriate and fair.
multiple choice
a. conventional
b. issue-by-issue final offer
c. whole package final offer
d. mediation

A. Conventional.

Explanation:

Conventional arbitration is the methodology where both the parties (employers and unions) set forward their ideas before the arbitrator. The arbitrator dissects the offers and arrives at a resolution. Under conventional arbitration, it is required for the two parties to acknowledge the arrangement gave by the arbitrator.

answer; is usually (less than) the socially optimal level of consumption;

answer; sensory adaptation;