Interest expense creates magnification of earnings through financial leverage because: a) the interest rate is variable. b) interest accompanies debt financing. c) the use of interest causes higher earnings. d) interest costs are cheaper than the required rate of return to equity owners. e) while earnings available to pay interest rise, earnings to residual owners rise faster.

The impact fiscal multiplier is a. usually estimated to have an average value of 2. b. usually estimated to have an average value of 0. c. the actual immediate multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action after taking into consideration direct fiscal offsets and other short-term crowding out of private spending. d. the multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action that applies to a long-run period after all influences on equilibrium real gdp have been taken into account.

Pettijohn inc. the balance sheet and income statement shown below are for pettijohn inc. note that the firm has no amortization charges, it does not lease any assets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over. balance sheet (millions of $) assets 2016 cash and securities $ 1,554.0 accounts receivable 9,660.0 inventories 13,440.0 total current assets $24,654.0 net plant and equipment 17,346.0 total assets $42,000.0 liabilities and equity accounts payable $ 7,980.0 notes payable 5,880.0 accruals 4,620.0 total current liabilities $18,480.0 long-term bonds 10,920.0 total debt $29,400.0 common stock 3,360.0 retained earnings 9,240.0 total common equity $12,600.0 total liabilities and equity $42,000.0 income statement (millions of $) 2016 net sales $58,800.0 operating costs except depr'n $54,978.0 depreciation $ 1,029.0 earnings bef int and taxes (ebit) $ 2,793.0 less interest 1,050.0 earnings before taxes (ebt) $ 1,743.0 taxes $ 610.1 net income $ 1,133.0 other data: shares outstanding (millions) 175.00 common dividends $ 509.83 int rate on notes payable 1. what is the firm's current ratio? (points : 6) 0.97 1.08 1.20 1.33 2. what is the firm's quick ratio? (points : 6) 0.49 0.61 0.73 0.87 3. what is the firm's total assets turnover? (points : 6) 0.90 1.12 1.40 1.68 4. what is the firm's inventory turnover ratio? (points : 6) 4.38 4.59 4.82 5.06 5. what is the firm's debt ratio? (points : 6) 45.93% 51.03% 56.70% 70.00% 6. what is the firm's roa? (points : 6) 2.70% 2.97% 3.26% 3.59% 7. what is the firm's roe? (points : 6) 8.54% 8.99% 9.44% 9.91%

The dollar value generated over decades of customer loyalty to your company is known as brand equity. viability. sustainability. luck.