Consider a consumer who lives for three periods: youth, middle age, and old age. when young, the consumer earns $20,000 in labor income. earnings during middle age are uncertain; there is a 50% chance that the consumer will earn $40,000 and a 50% chance that the consumer will earn $100,000. when old, the consumer spends savings accumulated during the previous periods. assume that inflation, expected inflation, and the real interest rate equal zero. ignore taxes for this problem.

Identify an organization with the low-total-cost value proposition and suggest at least two possible measures within each of the four balanced scorecard perspectives.

Which of the following best explains why online retail companies have an advantage over regular stores? a. their employees make less money because they mostly perform unskilled tasks. b. they are able to keep distribution costs low by negotiating deals with shipping companies. c. their transactions require expensive state-of-the-art technological devices. d. they have a larger number of potential customers because people anywhere can buy from them.

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.