Allan and danny have been working for yummy treats for about five years, at the same level of management and doing similar kind of work. allan has been focusing on setting specific and difficult goals and believes that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance in his job and that is what he should focus on. danny on the other hand compares himself to other managers, such as jim who works for the competitor in a similar work position. he feels disheartened when he finds out that he is significantly under rewarded at yummy treats. danny’s focus on comparisons to other managers is a key aspect of: