Suppose pizzas and burgers are substitutes. if the price of pizza increases, what happens in each market?
a. move upward and to the left along the demand curve for pizzas and the demand curve for burgers shifts to the right
b. move upward and to the left along the demand curve for burgers and the demand curve for pizzas shifts to the right
c. move downward and to the right along the demand curve for burgers and the demand curve for pizzas shifts to the left

Which of the following best explains why the demand for housing is more flexible than the supply? a. new housing developments are being constructed all the time. b. low interest rates for mortgages make buying a home very affordable. c. the increasing population always drives demand upwards. d. people can move more easily than producers can build new homes.

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.

Why is the type of product sold in an industry an important characteristic? a firm that can differentiate its product from that of rivals may be able to charge a higher price for a superior product. a firm that sells intangible goods is usually considered a monopoly. service industries cannot differentiate their products, which makes it easy for new firms to enter the industry. expensive products are usually sold by perfectly competitive firms.