Rent controls force landlords to price apartments below the equilibrium price level. an immediate effect is a shortage (excess demand) of apartments, because the quantity of apartments demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the regulated price. when cities prevent landlords from charging market rents, which of the following are common long-run outcomes?
a. the quantity of available rental housing units falls.
b. landlords earn lower profits from renting housing units, but the rent charged has no effect on either the quantity or quality of rental units.
c. nonprice methods of rationing emerge.
d. efficient use of housing space results.

There are three factors that can affect the shape of the treasury yield curve (r* t , ip t , and mrp t ) and five factors that can affect the shape of the corporate yield curve (r* t , ip t , mrp t , drp t , and lp t ). the yield curve reflects the aggregation of the impacts from these factors. suppose the real risk-free rate and inflation rate are expected to remain at their current levels throughout the foreseeable future. consider all factors that affect the yield curve. then identify which of the following shapes that the us treasury yield curve can take. check all that apply. a. downward-sloping yield curveb. upward-sloping yield curvec. inverted yield curve