By imposing a tax on the production of electricity equal to the cost of acid rain, the government will cause electric utilities to internalize the externality. as a consequence, the cost of the acid rain will become a a. private cost borne by the utilities, and the supply curve for electricity will shift up. b. private cost borne by the utilities, and the supply curve for electricity will shift down. c. social cost borne by the public, and the demand curve for electricity will shift down. d. social cost borne by the public, and the demand curve for electricity will shift up.

The correct answer is B. private cost borne by the utilities, and the supply curve for electricity will shift down.

Explanation:

In advance it is easy to infer that such a curve is the trace of the duration of something. In general, a duration curve quantifies a certain type of occurrence or frequency accumulated in units of time of that particular something or variable.

For their determination, the registered values of the variable under consideration are ordered in descending hierarchical succession (from highest to lowest) and sets or classes are established without a cap (upper bound), each if with a minimum correspondingly equal to one of said values of the variable. Then, the class frequency or amount of "times" (total time units) that the minimum of each class is recorded is calculated, and then the time corresponding to the values of the variable equal to or greater than that minimum is totaled. . From the Descriptive Statistics it is clear that each following accumulated frequency is equivalent to adding the corresponding class frequency with the previous accumulated frequency. So the final cumulative frequency must add up the total measurement or evaluation time.

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