L. a. and paula file as married taxpayers. in august of this year, they received a $5,340 refund of state income taxes that they paid last year. how much of the refund, if any, must l. a. and paula include in gross income under the following independent scenarios? assume the standard deduction last year was $24,000. (leave no answer blank. enter zero if applicable.) problem 5-52 part a a. last year l. a. and paula had itemized deductions of $37,220, and they chose to claim the standard deduction.

Dan wants to start a supermarket in his hometown, and wants to get into the business only after finding out about the market and how successful his business might be. the best way for dan to gain knowledge is to:

Frost corporation incurred the following transactions during its first year of operations. (assume all transactions involve cash.) 1) acquired $1,900 of capital from the owners. 2) purchased $435 of direct raw materials. 3) used $290 of these direct raw materials in the production process. 4) paid production workers $490 cash. 5) paid $290 for manufacturing overhead (applied and actual overhead are the same). 6) started and completed 250 units of inventory. 7) sold 140 units at a price of $6 each. 8) paid $130 for selling and administrative expenses. the amount of raw material inventory on the balance sheet at the end of the accounting period would be:

The purpose of the transportation approach for location analysis is to minimize which of the following? a. total costsb. total fixed costsc. the number of shipmentsd. total shipping costse. total variable costs