Some auditors claim that increased exposure under section 404 of the sox creates a litigation environment that is unfairly risky for auditors. do you think that the inability of auditors to detect a financial statement misstatement due gross deficiencies in internal controls over financial reporting should expose auditors to litigation?

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reporting of outside interests and the management of conflicts? investigators are responsible for developing their own management plans for significant financial interests. the institution must report identified financial conflicts of interest to the u. s. office of research integrity. investigators must disclose their significant financial interests related to their institutional responsibilities and not just those related to a particular project. investigators must disclose all of their financial interests regardless of whether they are related to a research project.

What could cause a production possibilities curve to move down and to the left? a.) a nation loses land after being defeated in a war. b.) an increase in the use of computer technology speeds up production c.) a baby boom 20 years ago results in a large number of young adults in the population today. d.) thousands of investors from overseas invest money in a nations economy.