Which of the following activities describes the opportunity cost of attending an economics class?
a. the value of the time it takes to get to campus every day
b. the cost of the gasoline needed to drive a car to campus
c. the value of the highest valued alternative that must be forgone because of attending the class
d. transportation costs plus the cost of tuition and textbooks for the course

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Danielle enjoys working as a certified public accountant (cpa) and assisting small businesses and individuals with managing their finances and taxes. which general area of accounting is her specialty? danielle specialized in

Calculating and interpreting eps information wells fargo reports the following information in its 2015 form 10-k. in millions 2015 2014 wells fargo net income $24,005 $24,168 preferred stock dividends $1,535 $1,347 common stock dividends $7,400 $6,908 average common shares outstanding 5,136.5 5,237.2 diluted average common shares outstanding 5,209.8 5,324.4 determine wells fargo's basic eps for fiscal 2015 and for fiscal 2014. round answers to two decimal places.