It would be comforting to believe that the government can simply decree higher pay for low-wage workers without having to worry about unfortunate repercussions, but the validity of that belief is open to doubts that cannot be dispelled by the kind of research that would lead to the conclusion that russian roulette is harmless. the preponderance of evidence indicates that labor is not exempt from the basic economic principle that artificially high prices cause in the case of surplus human beings, that can be a special tragedy when they are already from low-income, unskilled, or minority backgrounds and urgently need to get on the job ladder if they are ever to move up the ladder by acquiring skills and experience.